What does "thermal conductivity" indicate in engineering?

Thermal conductivity is a property of a material that measures its ability to conduct heat. This means that it quantifies how quickly heat can transfer through a material from a region of higher temperature to a lower temperature. A material with high thermal conductivity will allow heat to pass through it quickly, making it effective for applications where efficient heat transfer is required, such as in heat exchangers or cooking utensils. Conversely, materials with low thermal conductivity are good insulators, as they resist the flow of heat and are used in applications where heat retention or slow heat transfer is desired, like in building insulation. Understanding this property is crucial for engineers when selecting materials for specific applications based on thermal management needs.