What does the term "torque" describe?

The term "torque" specifically refers to the rotational force applied to an object. It represents the tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate about an axis. Torque is calculated by multiplying the distance from the axis of rotation to the point of force application (often known as the moment arm) by the magnitude of the applied force. This relationship illustrates how both the force and the distance from the point of rotation influence the overall effectiveness of that force in producing rotation.

In practical terms, when trying to loosen a bolt, for example, applying a greater torque (by using a longer handle or increasing the force) makes it easier to turn the bolt. This understanding of torque is crucial in mechanical engineering and applications involving machinery, vehicles, and various mechanical systems where rotational movement is created or resisted.

Other choices highlight different concepts: linear force pertains to forces acting along a straight line, pressure deals with force per unit area in a system, and mass defines the amount of matter in an object. None of these options adequately describe the rotation-related concept of torque.